Timeline for Applying to Graduate School

Applying to graduate school is a lengthy process that begins well before application time. Your graduate school application is the culmination of years of study and preparation.   What You Need to Do (and When) for Grad School Applications Heres a handy checklist to help you keep track of what you need to do and when. First, Second, and Third Years of College In your first and second year of college, your choice of major, courses and out-of-class experiences influence the quality of your application. Research and applied experiences can be important sources of experience, material for admissions essays, and sources of recommendation letters. Throughout college, focus on obtaining mentoring and other experiences that will let faculty get to know you. Letters of recommendation from faculty hold a great deal of weight in graduate school admissions decisions. Spring Prior to Applying to Grad School In addition to obtaining research and applied experiences and maintaining a high GPA, plan on taking the necessary standardized tests for admissions. You will either take the GRE, MCAT, GMAT, LSAT, or DAT, depending on what your program requires. Take the necessary standardized exam early so that you have time to retake it if needed.   Summer/September Prior to Attending Grad School If you havent done so already, take the GRE or other standardized exam needed for admission.Gather information about graduate programs online. Review department websites, peruse faculty web pages and examine program curricula and requirements. Narrow your choices.Consider which faculty members to ask for letters of recommendation. September/October Research sources of financial aid.Carefully examine each of the program applications. Note any questions or essay topics that will require your attention.Write a draft of your graduate admissions essay.Ask a faculty member or the career/grad admissions counselor at your school to read your essays and provide feedback. Take their advice!Ask faculty for letters of recommendation. Provide faculty with a copy of your transcript, links to program information and forms (all clearly labeled in one email), and your admissions essay.   Ask faculty if theres anything else that you can provide to help them. November/December Arrange for your official transcript to be sent to each program to which you apply. Visit the Registrars office to request your transcript. Request that the Registrar hold your transcript until the Fall semester grades are in (unless the application is due December 1, which is common).Finalize your admissions essay. Dont forget to seek additional input from others.Apply for fellowships and other sources of financial aid, as applicable.Check and record the due date for each application. December/January Complete the application for each program. Most will be online. Pay attention to spelling errors in your name, address, email, and email addresses for professors who will write your recommendation letters. Reread your essays and statement of purpose. Spell check! If you are to cut and paste it into an online form, check the spacing and formatting. If its all text, include a blank line between paragraphs. If you are to upload a pdf, be sure to review your document to check for formatting errors.Relax and breathe!Most schools send an email upon receipt of each application and will follow up as files are completed. Keep track of these. If needed, follow up with faculty who have not submitted their letters. February Depending on your field, start planning for the admissions interviews. What questions will you ask? Prepare answers to common questions.Fill out the Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) application. Youll need your tax forms to do this. March/April If needed, visit schools where youve been accepted.Discuss your decisions regarding programs to which you were accepted and reasons why you may have been rejected by a faculty member or the career/graduate admissions counselor at your school.Notify the program of your acceptance.Notify programs that youre declining.

Ezekiel s Prophecies Restoration Of Israel - 2063 Words

Ezekiel’s Prophecies: Restoration of Israel The purpose of this analysis is to consider parts of the context in which the Book of Ezekiel was written in. Through this, we can come to a better understanding of the meaning of the passages by studying the authorship, time period, the setting, and the people to whom it was written. In Ezekiel 36:22-32, Ezekiel prophesies about the restoration of Israel and delivers God’s promises to the people of Israel. In this analysis, we seek to understand what meaning these prophecies and the text have in the setting of the Old Testament. We also want to know how these prophecies which were addressed to the people of Israel apply to us today. Finally, I will share my personal interpretation of the†¦show more content†¦Many scholars believe that the purpose of God restoring the land to the Israelites was to restore his own name and honor. In this way, he would prove himself to the nations even though the act was undeserved by the Israelites. In Ezekiel 36:22 it says, â⠂¬Å"Therefore say to the house of Israel, Thus says the Lord God; It is not for your sake, O house of Israel, that I am about to act, but for the sake of my holy name, which you have profaned among the nations to which you came† (Coogan 2010). According to the Believer’s Bible Commentary, the passages clearly show that the Israelites were undeserving and that God did not restore the people to their land because they deserved it, but because he wanted to â€Å"vindicate His own name† (MacDonald 1995). In Ezekiel 36:23 it says, â€Å"I will sanctify my great name, which has been profaned among the nations, and which you have profaned among them; and the nations shall know that I am the Lord, says the Lord God, when through you I display my holiness before their eyes† (Coogan 2010). Other commentaries also put great emphasis on the fact that the Israelites were undeserving of God’s forgiveness for their sins. They make a point that God is doing this for his namesake and to â€Å"vindicate† his name. According to Keil, this was not because it was justified, but â€Å"so that man can fulfill the commandments of God, and walk in newness of life† (MacDonald 1995). According to The Oxford Bible Commentary, it explains thatShow MoreRelatedThe Prophecy Of The Temple2193 Words   |  9 Pages1 4 LIBERTY UNIVERSITY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Ezekiel and the New Temple Essay Submitted to Dr. Joel Ajayi, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of the course OBST 520 ? D06 Old Testament Orientation II by Oliver M. Brown April 10, 2016 ii Introduction The prophecy of the Temple in Ezekiel 40-48 is said to be one of the most difficult portion of scripture. Many commentators have proposed varying views and approaches. It has even been reported thatRead MoreIdolatry and Social Injustice and Religious Ritualism, Oh My875 Words   |  4 PagesGod, held accountable by God, and empowered by God to deliver His messages. Idolatry, social injustice, and religious ritualism had become prevalent in Israel and Judah and is rampant in today’s society as well. The prophets delivered their messages through various methods. They preached the word of God, verbal deliverance; wrote their message(s) down, written deliverance; and used symbolic acts to demonstrate God’s message, visual deliverance. The prophets used these methods of deliverance to warnRead MoreThe Gospel Of The Kingdom1113 Words   |  5 Pagesto him, and that she is now under his protection. Glory to God! He thought of everything! God uses prophecy to show us where we are going in the future. Prophecy is the evidence of His existence. Prophecy is God s way of letting us know His next move. Amos 3:7 KJV, †¦God will do nothing; but He revealeth His secret unto His servants, the prophets. Major political and climatic end time prophecies are occurring at a very rapid pace right now. The annihilation potential of nuclear weapons, as wellRead MoreBible Summary2905 Words   |  12 PagesHistory Books (12 books) Joshua - Under the leadership of Joshua, the Israelites enter the Promised Land. After years of battles, they take control of the land and divide it into 12 parts ... for the 12 tribes. Judges - After Joshua had died, Israel had no single leader. For the next few hundred years, the nation went through a number of cycles. The people would sin, an oppressor would take control, they would cry to God for help, Hed bring up a leader/judge to deliver the people, there wouldRead MoreDifferences and Similarities Between the First and Second Coming of Jesus Christ3766 Words   |  16 Pages----------15 Abstract The prophecies of Jesus’ First Coming focused on who He was before His human birth, His miraculous birth, a bit about His life, His crucifixion, death, burial and resurrection ---- all of which was prophesied many hundreds of years before His birth. The second coming of Christ or parousia is the return of Jesus Christ from Heaven to Earth as expected in most Christian eschatologies. The anticipated event is predicted in biblical messianic prophecy in which Jesus Christ willRead MoreCredential Exam Essay6584 Words   |  27 PagesPentecostal perspective b. Borrows from Harold Horton i. 3 gifts of revelation: wisdom, knowledge, discerning of spirits ii. 3 gifts of power: faith, miracles, healing iii. 3 gifts of utterance: tongues, interpretation, prophecy c. Gifts of service and outreach- From Romans 12 iv. Administration, helps, ministry, ruling, mercy d. Gifts to establish church and bring to maturity- from Ephesians 4 v. These include: apostle (sent one), prophetRead MoreBible Versus the Toran12356 Words   |  50 PagesLEVITICUS - Instructions on sacrificial system and the priesthood. Instructions on moral purity. 4. NUMBERS - Still at Mt. Sinai, people make false idol punishment, 40 years wandering begins. 5. DEUTERONOMY - Moses discovers on Gods Act for Israel the decalogue, the ceremonial, civil, and several laws, and covenant ratification. (3) The prophets are: 1. Moses 2. Abraham 3. Issaic 4. Jacob 5. Joseph B. HISTORICAL - 12 BOOKS 1. JOSHUA - First half of Joshua describes the 7-yearRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pages119 119 119 119 119 119 120 120 120 120 120 121 121 121 121 122 122 122 122 123 123 123 123 124 124 124 124 124 124 125 125 TABLE OF CONTENTS Family Ministries Committee ................................................... Family Ministries Leader(s) ..................................................... Women’s Ministries Department .................................................. Objectives ................................................................................. Women’s Ministries Leader

Analyses Service Marketing of MK Restaurant †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analyses Service Marketing of MK Restaurant. Answer: Introduction MK Restaurant, a Thai based food retailer, started in the year 1962 as a small restaurant in central Bangkok by one entrepreneur Mrs. Tongkam Mekto, is currently one of the leading restaurants in Thailand and the larger Asia continent. The restaurant has undergone several transformations to become the leading food retailer it is today, by continually adopting new ways of doing business in restaurant industry and keeping itself abreast with current customer tastes and preferences. That not withstanding, the restaurant has not departed form its core or basic business attributes that made its first small restaurant in central Bangkok very popular with customers relaying on word of mouth for marketing but instead, it has continually built on these attributes, lacing it with current consumer behavior and trends in the market in order to remain competitive and attractive to customers. (Itthiopassagul, Patterson, Piyathasanan, 2009) MK restaurant (perhaps from the name Mekto), has phenomenal concepts and is credited for many firsts in the Thais competitive restaurant industry. The firm was publicly listed on Thai stock exchange in the year 2014, and Mr. Rit, the chairman of the of the firm reflected on the business journey the restaurant has had beginning with one branch in 1962 to 355 branches in the year 2012. Some of the striking features of the restaurant are; superior customers service level (which includes training members of staffs on how to smile to customers), cleanness and nutritional and calorie values report to customers at the end of meals, among other outstanding features. (Sharma, 2008) The restaurant prepares a number of cuisines blended with Thais culture such as Thai style Suki and more than 70 fresh items on the menu. This paper will discuss service marketing zeroing in on MK chain of restaurant. (Itthiopassagul, Patterson, Piyathasanan, 2009) Background of the business Service industry is one of the most competitive industries in the world of business. The ever changing consumer behavior and taste is what makes this industry competitive. New ventures keeps on cropping up while the more established ones keeps on increasing the number of outlets and franchise partnerships in various parts of the world. Focusing on Thailand, a country with a population of about 67 million people and 22 million visitors per year as at 2012, the restaurant business is almost everywhere ranging from food outlets in streets of towns and cities like Bangkok to five star hotels in the country. (O'Kane, 2011) Marketing conditions The restaurant business in Thailand is crowded and competitive with a number of local and international restaurants opening shops or business in the area. The market has majorly two segments of the fast-food restaurants based on the service level and these are, Quick service restaurants abbreviated as QSRs, and Full-service restaurants also known as FSRs. QSRs typical serves customers within the first 10 minutes of placing an order, and comprise food outlets such as Hamburger, Pizza, Chicken and Ice-cream. This market was valued at 37,000 million Thai baht in 2012 and has some key players operating in the market such as McDonalds and KFC. FSRs on the other hand, take more time to serve the customers ranging from 10-20 minutes after placing the order. This category of market has players selling Pizza, Suki and buffet style meals and was valued at 53,000 million Thai baht in the year 2012. Major players in business under this category are MK restaurant and the Pizza Company. (Patterson , Piyathasanan, 2014) Market Positioning The process of establishing the image of MK restaurant has been largely based on its concept of warmth. That the customers should understand that when you visit MK restaurant, you will be served with warmth on top of the delicious food that the hotel is serving. The warmth in this case represents friendly waiters maintaining cordial relationships with clients to give clients sincere and warm experience along with delicious and healthy food. The hotel also positioned itself on its Suki food with innovative cooking techniques along with top notch cleanness laced with Thai tastes and preference. The MK restaurants Suki, is not fried rather it is more of boiling method of cooking. With the current campaign for clean and healthy food to beat the lifestyle diseases gathering pace, MK restaurants Suki has superbly captured the imagination of many consumers on what a healthy food is, and thus further establishing a mental image of what the restaurant stands for in food industry market, posit ioning. (Patterson, Piyathasanan, 2014) Target market MK restaurant has targeted a number of customer segments. With the latest introduction of MK gold meant for those clients who wants more ambience and luxurious treatment and experience. The restaurant also caters for the budget cadre of consumers who are not interested in luxurious treatment and ambience but needs only quality food, good customer service and nice place to sit and enjoy the meal. It is worth nothing that as much as the budged cadre has huge number of customers than the higher cadre, the total value of sales in higher cadre a times outperforms budget cadre especially in developed economies. (Patterson, Piyathasanan, 2014) Service marketing mix analysis Analyzing various aspects of the case study in relation to the service marketing seven principles as captured in the marketing mix theory, the outcomes points to well planed business model that largely conforms to the best practices in the service industry. Analyzing the positioning aspect of MK restaurant as captured in the case study report, the study reveals a strategy that established a strong image, quality, variants and support. The restaurant has cut the image of serving healthy and innovative cuisines such as Suki and Chinese Thailand meals with high concentration of vegetables rather than meat to establish its position in the market. The restaurant was also first of Suki restaurants in Thailand to start using electric Suki pots at every table as opposed to hazardous gas stoves that could explode any minute. This conforms to the best practices of market position principle as postulated in the marketing theory. The principle says the organizations should have a product that co nsumers expect to get. In this case the restaurant conforms to the expectations of the clients by delivering delicious food, healthy, laced with local tastes preference and in safe manner. (Patterson, Piyathasanan, 2014) MK restaurants are located in prime locations with good traffic and where the potential customers can easily accesses the services of the restaurant. The places are shopping malls and departments that are busy with many other established businesses and offices. Based on the principle of Place in the marketing mix theory, where it asserts that the product must be placed where clients can easily find it, MK restaurant conforms to the best practices employed internationally, whereby many such restaurants are placed in high traffic environment such as the central business districts of various towns and cities. The case study has also demonstrated variance in price, in that the restaurant has a various services with various prices that suits different types of clients. The MK restaurants Gold branch is aimed for clients who need premium services and are willing to pay more for it. Apart from this the restaurant has other branches that serve clients with interest in budget menu. (Sharma, 2008) The restaurant therefore has got it price well based on the information contained in the case study report. According to the marketing mixs principle for price, customers must see or feel value for the price attached to the service. This is exactly what the case study has captured in its gold branches where there is more ambience and luxury but clients pay more as well as in other budget branches where premium services is not customer priority. (Patterson, Piyathasanan, 2014) On promotion, the case study spends an upwards of 586 million Thai Baht from the year 2010 through 2012 for promotion as establishing and it brand in the market. In comparison to McDonalds, a worlds leading food retailer which spend and around 1,117 million Thai Baht, during the same period under consideration, further to this, the case study, MK restaurant, has launched more than 30 television commercials in two decades and had social media page with 85,000 followers as at 2014. This therefore indicates that the case study, MK restaurant does its promotion within the levels of best practices and conforms well to the price principle as captured in the marketing mix theory. In specific, the principle outlines that the company needs to promote its products to the potential clients through various effective platforms. (Patterson, Piyathasanan, 2014) The case study also values and invests in her people. It is worth northing that MK restaurants ensure that it trains its employees even on how to smile. That goes a long way in demonstrating how the case study takes seriously the question of her employees and culture it creates. It ensures that each employee conforms to the restaurants culture even when all the people in the world are practically different in one way or another. Ensuring that all smiles are done same way at the restaurant is classic. The company also ensures that all her people are trained well on being friendly and maintaining cordial relationship with clients and establish that emotional connection with the clients for repeat business and referrals. This aspect of the case study conforms well to the best practices practiced across the world by leading companies in service industry. According to the People principle of the service marketing mix theory, organizations should invest in her people in training and other aspects for them to be able to serve client well and excellently. (Patterson, Piyathasanan, 2014) The process on how the service is delivered by the company is important factors in ensuring organizations remain in business. The aspect of the case study which depicts this concept or principle of service marketing mix theory is the aspect of warmth with which the restaurant ensures that it comes along with delicious and healthy food, and therefore conforms to the best practices. (O'Kane, 2011) Organizations should not only mind about how good their services are but also how good is the process of delivering these services is. The principle in the theory postulates that the process of the service delivery is also part of what customers pay for. Connecting with the principle of price where clients would want to see or feel the value for the assigned price to the services, its clear that the concept of process is fundamental to any business. (Patterson, Piyathasanan, 2014) On physical evidence, the case study as captured this concept or principle by revealing to its clients how they train and prepare their employees before allowing them to serve the clients. This is a form of showing customers how the services they receive at the restaurants look like. The award winning TV series showing extensive and hard trainings the employees of the case study undergoes before being incorporated in to work environment conforms to the best practices as expected and as per the principle of physical evidence in the marketing mix theory. (Patterson, Piyathasanan, 2014) Conclusion In conclusion, the competitive nature of the service industry calls for its players to always remain in the loop regarding new trends in business and consumer behaviors and taste. MK restaurant core values of warmth clean, healthy and delicious food has seen the company grow and expand within the domestic market of Thailand as well as in the larger region of the Asian continent. Recommendation MK restaurant should consider going online and establishing a website where customers can order meals online and have them delivered to their place of choice. This would work well for those clients who like take out foods. Also the company should consider franchise business to other parts of the world for faster growth rate and greater brand visibility across the world as opposed to being predominantly Asian based only. References Blythe, J. (2009). Key concepts in marketing. Los Angeles, Calif.: SAGE. Itthiopassagul, P., Patterson, P., Piyathasanan, B. (2009). An emerging south-east Asian brand: MK Restaurants. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 17(3), 175-181.https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2009.05.012 O'Kane, B. (2011). Marketing basics. Cork: NuBooks. Patterson, P., Piyathasanan, B. (2014). MK: Restaurant: an emerging Asian Brand, 475-787. Roy, S., Mutum, D., Nguyen, B. (2017). Services Marketing Cases in Emerging Markets. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Sharma, S. (2008). Service marketing. Jaipur: Paradise Publishers. Temporal, P. (2001). Branding in Asia. Singapore: Wiley. Tsiotsou, R., Goldsmith, R. (2012). Strategic marketing in tourism services. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Winer, R. (2014). Marketing management (1st ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

Corporate Law Economic Reform Of Program â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Corporate Law Economic Reform Of Program? Answer: Introducation The contract that has been entered into by Bob on behalf of the company with Computer Supplies Pty Ltd for $8,000 for the delivery of ten computers is a binding contract. The general rule which is laid down in the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) is that, except otherwise contracted between the parties, where a company has more than one directors, any contract with such company can be executed only if the contract has been signed by at least two directors of the company[1]. Further it has also been held by the courts in various cases that where there are more than one directors in a company, a director of such company who is acting individually is not authorized to bind the company by virtue of his position[2]. A director cannot bind the company by his acts on behalf of the company unless he is expressly given the authority by the board to do so. But in the instant case the constitution of the company lays down that a contract of an amount more than $10,000, which has received approval of the board by a resolution passed and has been executed by at least two directors, will be binding on the company. Here, the contract which was entered into by Bob on behalf of the company with Computer Supplies Pty Ltd for delivery of ten computers was a contract for $8,000, an amount which is less than $10,000 as was required by the constitution of the company. The constitution of the company does not makes any provision regarding the contracts of amount smaller than $10,000, therefore, it is presumed that the directors had authority to act on behalf of the company for cases otherwise. Further the Corporations Act also lays down that if a third party enters into a contract with the company where there are more than one directors, the former has right to make an assumption that the latter has been authorized to act on behalf of the company and that all the requirements of the constitution and the law has been complied with[3]. Also the third party has the right to make an assumption that the director who is representing the company is duly appointed and authorized by the members of the company to make such appearance on behalf of the company[4]. In the instant case also the company is registered with the ASIC and therefore the Computer Supplies Pty Ltd has right to make an assumption that Bob was duly authorized to enter into contracts on behalf of the company. As per the observations made above it can be concluded that for the contract that was entered into by Bob on behalf of the company was a valid contract as under Section 129 he is presumed to be authorized by the company to enter into contracts with third parties and therefore, the Sunshine Scooter Art Pty Ltd is bound by the contract and the directors are advised to make payment of $8,000 on behalf of the company to the Computer Supplies Pty Ltd for the supply of ten computers made by the latter to the former. The contract that has been entered into by Bob on behalf of the company with Plastica Pty Ltd for $50,000 is not a binding contract. The reason that can be given for the conclusion is that firstly, according to the law that has been laid down in the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) except in cases where a contrary contract has been entered into by the parties, a company which has more directors than one and any contract has been entered into on behalf of such company, such contract can be enforced only if it has been signed by at least two directors of such company[5]. Further as per the rules laid down by different courts if there are more than one director in a company and a director is acting independently, he has no authority to bind the company by virtue of his position[6]. A director can bind the company by his acts only if he has been given an express authority by the board to do so. Also according to the constitution of the company in the instant case a contract of an amount more than $10,000 will be executable and binding on the company only if such contract has received approval of the board by a resolution passed for the purpose and has been signed by at least two directors of the company. Here, the contract which was entered into by Bob on behalf of the company with Plastica Pty Ltd for an amount of $50,000 was not made in accordance with the requirement of the constitution of the company as no resolution was signed by the directors to enter into any such contract and neither did Bob was given any implied or express authority for making contracts on behalf of the company. Further, it should be noted that Bob represented himself as the sole director of the company, which he was not. Section 129 of the said Act entitles a third party who is entering into a contract with the company to make an assumption with regard to the authority of a director of the said company only in case where the contract has been signed according to the provision as laid down in s ection 127. Here, in the instant case the contract has not been entered into by Bob accordingly. Therefore, on the basis of the observations made above it is concluded that the contract that was entered into by Bob on behalf of the company with Plastica Pty Ltd was not a valid contract as Bob made a misrepresentation that he was the sole director of the company and also the contract was not made in compliance with the constitution of the company. The contract with the Plastica Pty Ltd was not binding on the company and therefore neither the company, Sunshine Scooter Art Pty Ltd nor its other two directors, Jana and Adrian can be made personally liable for the act of Bob as his act was not authorized, either expressly or impliedly, and therefore he will be personally liable for his act. Superdry Holdings Ltd is the holding company of Superdry Manufacturing Ltd and Superdry Retail Stores Ltd. The board of directors of the Holdings, viz., Francis, Jack and Alice hold shares in the company in ratio of 5:3:2. The Holding holds 70% shares in the Manufacturing while 30% shares in the Stores. These three companies are considered to be group of companies by the directors. According to law a company is considered to be a subsidiary of another where the holding company holds at least 50% shares of the subsidiary company[7]. Here in this case, Holdings has 70% shares of Manufacturing while only 30% shares of the Stores, therefore, Manufacturing is a subsidiary of the Holdings but Stores cannot be said to be the subsidiary of the Holdings as the latter holds less than 50% shares in the former. The Stores is not related to the Holdings and the Manufacturing as the former is not a subsidiary of the latter companies although Manufacturing is related to the Holdings[8]. Also as per the facts of this case Stores, which has a chain of its retail stores, sells the products of the Manufacturing at reduced rates and in a recent past has also started selling products of other brands which have more demand than the Manufacturings products. According to these facts, it can be concluded that the Stores is a separate entity from Holdings and Manufacturing as when Stores started selling products of other brands, the latter did not stop them from doing so. This conduct of the latter shows that they do not have a substantial control over the day-to-day business of the Stores. Further it has also been held by court that a parent company and a subsidiary company of the former are distinct legal entities. Therefore, they are not bound by each others legal obligations[9]. From this observation of the court, it can be suggested that the decision made in the meeting of the Board of Directors of Stores, where the Stores is required to provide guarantee to the Finance B ank of the debts of Holdings and Manufacturing, is not bound to give such guarantee as has been held above that a company is not bound by the legal obligations of the other even if it is a subsidiary company of the other. In the instant case, the directors of the Holdings are personally liable for the debts accruing to the Financial Bank. They cannot make Stores bound by their legal obligation as Stores is a separate legal entity distinct from the Holdings and the Manufacturing. Further, the decision made by the Directors in the Board meeting is in contravention of the directors duty under law[10]. The directors of a company are under a legal obligation not to take advantage of their position or cause disadvantage to the company[11]. Also the Business Judgment Rule which is intended to evade needless limitations on appropriate business activities has also been laid down in the Corporations Act 2001. According to the rule a director should make a proper business judgment which requires care and diligence on his part while making such judgment. A judgment is said to be made carefully and diligently when it is made with bona fide intention for an appropriate purpose and should not have a substantial interest in the issue of the judgment. Further the judgment shall also be made in the interest of the company[12]. The basic objective of the rule is to prevent the directors of the company from exercising their powers arbitrarily and not to shield them from their l iability. It has been held by court that the duty that has been imposed under section 182 is not made to ensure obedience to the requirements of the provisions of the law rather to avoid the directors from taking advantage of their authority for their personal interest[13]. The directors cannot delegate their responsibilities to other members of the company[14]. The directors of Holdings cannot escape from their liability towards the company and the Financial Bank by making the Stores the guarantor for the overdraft facility to the Financial Bank. They are bound by the obligations by the virtue of their position. The directors have no right to give away their obligations their subsidiary company which is not even their subsidiary company. It may be observed that the directors have acted in contravention of their general duties under section 182 of the Corporation Act which invites the civil penalty under section 1317E. The court upon being satisfied that the director has acted in contravention of the civil penalty provision, it will declare that such contravention has taken place. Upon declaration the Australian Securities and Investments Commission will be entitled to get an order for pecuniary penalty under section 1317G or an order for disqualification under section 206C. Therefore it is advised to Karen, the non- executive director of Stores that the three directors of the Holdings for failing to carry out their general duties and thereby contravening the provisions of Corporations Act. The directors want to avoid their personal liability as against the Financial Bank by making the Stores guarantor for their overdue debts and the overdraft facilities. The Stores is not a part of the Holdings or the Manufacturing rather it does not even form part of the group of the company as given under section 50 of the Corporations Act 2001. The Store has a separate legal entity as distinguished from the Holding and the Manufacturing and therefore it cannot be bound by the decisions of the Holdings. The duties of the directors as discussed here above are their equitable duties whereby they have duties of loyalty and to act carefully and diligently while acting on behalf of the company. Under these duties the directors are required not to act arbitrarily while exercising their discretion. The contravention of these duties on the part of the directors will invite penalty to be imposed on such directors. Reference List: ASIC v Maxwell (2006) NSWSC 1052. Australian Insitute of Company Directors, General Duties of Directors, (2013) https://aicd.companydirectors.com.au/resources/all-sectors/roles-duties-and-responsibilities/general-duties-of-directors. Brick Pipe Industries Ltd v Occidental Life Nominees Pty Ltd (1992) 10 ACLC 253. Chandler v Cape Plc (2012) EWCA Civ 525. Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). Corporate Law Economic Reform Program, Directors Duties and Corporate Governance: Facilitating innovation and protecting investors, (1997) Commonwealth of Australia https://archive.treasury.gov.au/documents/283/PDF/full.pdf. Northside Developments v Registrar General (1990) HCA 32. Queensland Government, Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) (the Corporations Act), (2016) Department of the Premier and Cabinet. From https://www.premiers.qld.gov.au/publications/categories/policies-and-codes/handbooks/welcome-aboard/member-duties/corp-act-2001-c.aspx.